A Phytopharmacology and ethnomedical approach of Uloga chendooram, Siddha Herbo-mineral drug for the Management of Neerizhivu (Diabetes Mellitus) - A Review.

  • R. Gomathi pg scholar
  • T. Lakshmikantham Associate Professor, Department of Maruthuvam, National Institute of Siddha, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
  • S. Mohan Professor & HOD, Department of Maruthuvam, National Institute of Siddha, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.124583/jrbms.v3i2.65
Keywords: Neerizhivu, diabetes mellitus, herbomineral drug, Siddha medicine

Abstract

Siddha system of medicine is a pioneer traditional medicine which is in practice since several centuries before. As per Siddha classical text, Agasthiyar vaidiya rathna churukanaadi  diseases are classified into 4448 types, one among them is meganoi. Based on three humours vatha, pitha, kabha meganoi is classified into 20 types according to Yugi Vaithiya Chinthaamani,  Madhumegam (neerizhivu) is one of the meganoi, which comes under Pitha type called Thithippu Neer. The causes, signs and symptoms of Neerizhivu (madhumegam) are associated with Diabetes Mellitus in modern system Mathumegam is a clinical condition characterized by increased frequency of micturition, urine with ‘sweetness’ ultimately worsens the seven body constituents, leads to avathaikal, which is the complications of long term poorly controlled hyperglycemia. In most developing countries diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems.  Being a lifestyle disorder its management is still a challenge for modern system of medicine. Increase in the number of diabetic patients, high cost for medical treatments, unsatisfactory treatment response are the major reasons for people to switch over to traditional medicinal systems. At current scenario, Siddha system among Indian systems of medicine is gaining more attention worldwide and it serves as a hope in controlling this dreadful disease and preventing its high risk complications. Siddha drugs include herbal, mineral and herbo-mineral drugs. Among which herbomineral medicines serve the purpose in the management of uncontrolled diabetes. This review article focuses on one such herbomineral Siddha formulation ‘uloga chenduram’ as mentioned in text Agasthiar attavanai vaagadam, specifically indicated for neerizhivu, hepatic disorders.

References

1. Dr.K.S.Uthamarayan, Siddha maruthuvanga churukkam. Directorate of Indian medicine and homoeopathy. Third edition 2016.Pg no: 88,472,473.
2. Dr.P.M.Venugopal, Udalthathuvam, Directorate of Indian medicine and homeopathy, second edition 2014, p.no: 164
3. Dr.K.S.Uthamaraayan, Thotrakiram aaraichiyum Siddhamaruthuva varalaarum, Directorate of Indian medicine and homeopathy, fifth edition 2010, p.no: 182.
4. Theraiyar,Theraiyar mahakarisal, Indian medicine and homeopathy, 1st edition 2009,p.no:128.
5. Dr Shanmugavelu,Noinaadal noimudhal paagam-2, Indian medicine and homeopathy, 2nd edition 1988,p.no:421.
6. Dr Shanmugavelu,Noikalukku sithaparikaaram paagam-2, Indian medicine and homeopathy,2nd edition,1993,p.no:98.
7. Dr.M.Shanmugavelu, Noinadal noimudhal nadal thirattu.Part I. Directorate of Indian medicine and homoeopathy.Sixth edition 2014.Pg no:164,26, 253, 261, 30,363, 340.
8. Yugi Munivar,Yugi Vaithiya Chinthamani,Indian medicine and homeopathy, 2nd Edition:2005,P.No:155,156.
9. Jawad A. Al-Lawati. Diabetes Mellitus: A Local and Global Public Health Emergency. Oman Med J. 2017; 32: 177–179
10. Seema Abhijeet Kaveeshwar M.Pharmacy, The current state of Diabetes mellitus in India, The Australasian medical journal,2014;7(1):45-48. Published online 2014 jan31. doi:10.4066/AMJ.2013.1979, PMCID: PMC3920109, PMID: 24567766 from http://www.ncbi.nlim.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3920109/#_ffn_sctitle.
11. Rajeev Goyal; Ishwarlal Jialal. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Stat Pearls. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing 2019.
12. Krentz AJ, Bailey CJ. Oral antidiabetic agents: current role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs. 2005; 65:385–411.
13. Turner RC, Cull CA, Frighi V, Holman RR. Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. JAMA. 1999; 281:2005–2012.
14. Hermann LS, Lindberg G, Lindblad U, Melander A. Efficacy, effectiveness and safety of sulphonylurea–metformin combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes ObesMetab. 2002; 4:296–304
15. Agasthiyar,Agasthiyar attavanai vaagadam,saraswathy mahaal noolagam,1st edition,1991,p.no:115.
16. Dr.R.Thiyagarajan,Gunapaadam thaathu jeeva vaguppu (Irandaam-moondraam paguthigal), Indian medicine and homeopathy,8th edition,2013,p.no:196,195.
17. K.S.Murugesa mudhaliyar-“Gunpaadam mooligai vaguppu”, Indian medicine and homeopathy, 2nd edition,p.no: 571,229.
18. Sapkal et al. physicochemical characterization and hepatoprotective activity of mandur bhasma Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, Vol 8, Issue 4, 327-332
19. G. Mishra et al., Phytochemical screening and anticonvulsant activity of Wedelia chinensis ijpsr, 2011; vol. 2(1): 25-29 issn: 0975-8232
20. Sayema Khanum et al., In vivo Neurological, Analgesic and In vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Leaf and Stem Bark of Wedelia chinensis Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 18-26, 2019 (January)
21. Senthilkumar et al antioxidant activity of wedelia chinensis in alloxan induced diabetic rats Pharmacologyonline 2: 640-651 (2008)
22. Nguyen Phuong Thaoet.al α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Chemical Constituents from Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck.) Merr. Leaves Hindawi JournalofAnalyticalMethodsinChemistryVolume2018, Article ID 2794904, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/279490
23. Suresh V, Kumar RM, Suresh A, Kumar NS, Arunachalam G,
Umasankar Kl, CNS activity of ethanol extract of Wedelia chinensis in
experimental animals. Int J Pharm. Sci. Nanotechnol. 2010; 3(1):881-
886.
24. Mathew KM. Flora of Tamilnadu-carnatic. Trichirapalli, St. Josephs College, 1983, 392
25. Yang LL, Yen KY, Kiso Y, Hikino H. Antihepatotoxic actions of
Formosan plant drugs. J Ethanopharmacol. 1987; 19:103-10
26. Prachi Agarwal et al An Overview of Phytochemical, Therapeutic, Pharmacological and Traditional Importance of Syzygium cumini.AsianJ.Pharmacogn3(1):5-17
27. Abhishek Kumar Sah et al J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(3):108-113
28. Madhulika Pradhan et al Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Novel Delivery Applications of Syzygium cumini (L.). Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 7 (1): 659-675
29. Sengupta P, Das PB. Terpenoids and related compunds part IV triterpenoids the stem-barkof Eugenia jambolana Lam. Indian Chem Soc. 1965;42(4):255-8.
30. Bhargava KK, Dayal R, Seshadri TR. Chemical components of Eugenia jambolana stembark. Current science. 1974
31. Ajeetet.alinternationaljournalofinnovative, Pharmaceutical sciences and research department of botany & microbiology ijipsr / 6 (01), 2018, 32-47
32. Teixeira CC, Weinert LS, Barbosa DC, Ricken C, Esteves JF, Fuchs FD. Syzygiumcumini (L.) Skeels in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care.2004Dec1;27(12):3019-20.
33. Madhulika Pradhan et al Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Novel Delivery
Applications of Syzygium cumini (L.). Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 7 (1): 659-675
34. Ravi K, Rajasekaran S, Subramanian S. Antihyperlipidemic effect of Eugenia jambolana seed kernel on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology.2005 Sep 30;43(9):1433-9
35. Y. K. Murali, Ramesh Chandra and P.S. Murthy, Antihyperglycemic Effect of Water Extract of Dry Fruits of Terminalia Chebula In Experimental Diabetes Mellitus, Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004,
19 (2) 202-204 [pub med]
36. R.Rathinamoorthy et al / Terminalia Chebula - Review on Pharmacological and
Biochemical Studies Int.J.PharmTech Res.2014,6(1),pp 97-116.
37. Bajpai M, Pande A, Tewari SK, Prakash D. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of some food and medicinal plants. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2005 Jan 1;56(4):287-91.
38. Kim BJ, Kim JH, Kim HP, Heo MY. Biological screening of 100 plant extracts for cosmetic use (II): anti‐oxidative activity and free radical scavenging activity. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 1997 Dec 1;19(6):299-307.
39. Nalini Sofia H et al., Phyto Pharmacology and Ethnomedical Approach of Terminalia chebula (Kadukkaai): A Review Sch. Acad. J. Pharm., Nov 2017; 6(11):446-453
40. Rao NK, Nammi S. Antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of the chloroform extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. seeds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2006 May 7;6(1):17
41. Sabu MC, Kuttan R. Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2002 Jul 31;81(2):155-60.
42. Senthilkumar GP, Subramanian SP. Biochemical studies on the effect of Terminalia chebula on the levels of glycoproteins in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes in rats. 34
43. Tarwadi K, Agte V (Aug 2007). "Antioxidant and micronutrient potential of common fruits available in the Indian subcontinent". Int J Food Sci Nutr. 58 (5): 341–. doi:10.1080/09637480701243905. PMID 17558726.
44. Dharmananda S (September 2003). "Emblic myrobalans(Amla)". Institute of Traditional Medicine.
45. Bhattacharya, A.; Chatterjee, A.; Ghosal, S.; Bhattacharya, S. K. (1999). "Antioxidant activity of active tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla)". Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 37 (7): 676–680. PMID 10522157.
46. Habib-ur-Rehman, Yasin KA, Choudhary MA; et al. (Jul 2007). "Studies on the chemical constituents of Phyllanthus emblica". Nat. Prod. Res. 21 (9): 775–81. doi:10.1080/14786410601124664. PMID 17763100.
47. Arya A, Nyamathulla S, Noordin MI, Mohd MA. Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities of Leaf Extracts of Three Popular Terminalia Species. E-J. of Chem, 2012; 9(2): 883-92.
48. Latha PCR, Daisy P. Influence of Terminalia belerica Roxb. Fruits Extract on Biochemical Parameters In Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats, Int. J. of Pharmacology, 2010; 06:89-96
49. XiaoliLiu et.al, Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of emblica fruit (Phyllanthus emblica L.) from six regions in China Journal of Food Composition and Analysis Volume 21, Issue 3, May 2008, Pages 219-228
50. R.Srirama et.al, hepatoprotective activity of indian phyllanthusjournal pharmaceutical biology, volume 50, 2012 - issue 8
51. Yoganarasimhan S N, Medicinal plants of India, Vol. 2 Tamil Nadu, Bangalore: Vedams Books (P) Ltd, 443.
52. Narendra Kumar ET.AL, Phytochemistry and medicinal potential of the Terminalia bellirica Roxb. (Bahera) Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources Vol. 9(2), June 2018, pp. 97-107
53. Khan AU, Gilani AH. Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Terminalia belerica for its Anti-Hypertensive Effect. J.of Food and Drug Analysis, 2008; 16: 6-14.
54. Hazra B, Sarkar R, Mandal N. (2012). Protection of Terminalia bellirica Roxb. Against Iron Overload Induced Liver Toxicity: An Account of its Reducing and Iron Chelating Capacity. American J. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2012;7(3): 109-22.
55. Saraphanchotiwitthaya A, Sripalakit P, Ingkaninan K. (2008). Effects of Terminalia bellerica Roxb. methanolic extract on mouse immune response in vitro. Maejo Int. J. of Sci. and Tech, 2008; 2(2):400-7.
56. Jaiswal N1, Bhatia V, Srivastava SP, Srivastava AK, Tamrakar AK, Antidiabetic effect of Eclipta alba associated with the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase, PMID:22348789 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.662648, Nat Prod Res. 2012;26(24):2363-7. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2012.662648. Epub 2012 Feb 21. from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22348789
57. Tripathi AK, Kohli S. Pharmacognostical standardization and antidiabetic activity of Syzygium cumini (Linn.) barks (Myrtaceae) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats,J Complement Integr Med. 2014 Jun;11(2):71-81. doi:10.1515/jcim-2014-0011, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2476076
Published
2020-07-01
How to Cite
1.
R. Gomathi, T. Lakshmikantham, S. Mohan. A Phytopharmacology and ethnomedical approach of Uloga chendooram, Siddha Herbo-mineral drug for the Management of Neerizhivu (Diabetes Mellitus) - A Review. . J Res Bio Med Sci [Internet]. 2020Jul.1 [cited 2025Oct.30];3(2):52-1. Available from: http://biosci.in/index.php/jrbms/article/view/65
Issue
Vol 3 No 2 (2020): Apr-Jun
Section
Articles

Copyright and Licensing

For all articles published inJRBMS journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 licenses, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work, while ensuring that the authors receive proper credit.

In exceptional circumstances articles may be licensed differently. If you have specific condition (such as one linked to funding) that does not allow this license, please mention this to the editorial office of the journal at submission. Exceptions will be granted at the discretion of the publisher.

Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers

It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyright holder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyright holder).

Permission is required for:

  1. Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
  2. Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
  3. Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
  4. Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.

Permission is not required for:

  1. Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
  2. Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
  3. Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.

Obtaining Permission

In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. IJRPHR cannot publish material from other publications without permission.

The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgment to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.