In-vitro pharmacological screening of Parangipattai Kudineer chooranam - a herbal formulation used for Kalanjagapadai ( Psoriasis )
Abstract
Background:Traditional Siddha medicines have been used in the management of skin diseases (i.e chronic diseases) for a long time. This current research was intricated to evaluate in vitro preclinical pharmacological studies for the specific actions related to Kalanjagapadai ( Psoriasis ), skin disorders.
Methodology: The properties of PKC vizanti-inflammatory, Immunomodulatory and Anti-Psoriaticof parangipattai kudineer chooranam was investigated by protein denaturation assays, RAW macrophage cell line assays and HaCat cell lines through in vitro model.The study was started after knowing the solubility profile of Parangipattai Kudineer chooranam and having good soluble in water hence used as solvent. The dose range of 10, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 μg/ml were used for respective activities depend on the requirements.
Results: The test drug Parangipattai kudineer chooranam exhibited strong anti-inflammatory ability in vitro compared with standard diclofenac sodium. Our findings demonstrate that Parangipattai kudineer chooranam drastically reduces free radicals responsible for inflammation and skin disorder in RAW cell line assay. However least viability of psoriatic cell was observed at the concentration of 250µg/ml and shows 88.62 ± 8.424 %, and posiblily destructing more than 80% of psoriatic cells in 250 µg/ml.
Conclusion: Thus concluding that the formulation mainly contains the herb Smilax china, i.e Parangipattai Kudineer Chooranam shows significant actions in Antiinflammatory properties, immunomodulatory action and anti-Psoriatic activity and may be due to presence of polyherbal components.References
(2) Thas, J. J. Siddha Medicine—Background and Principles and the Application for Skin Diseases. Clin. Dermatol. 2008, 26 (1), 62–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.11.010.
(3) Sundarrajan, S.; Arumugam, M. A Systems Pharmacology Perspective to Decipher the Mechanism of Action of Parangichakkai Chooranam, a Siddha Formulation for the Treatment of Psoriasis. Biomed. Pharmacother. Biomedecine Pharmacother. 2017, 88, 74–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.135.
(4) Wachtel-Galor, S.; Benzie, I. F. F. Herbal Medicine: An Introduction to Its History, Usage, Regulation, Current Trends, and Research Needs. In Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects; Benzie, I. F. F., Wachtel-Galor, S., Eds.; CRC Press/Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton (FL), 2011.
(5) Assimiti, D. The Use of Beetroot as Natural Solutions for Reducing Inflammation - Case Studies from Thailand (P12-046-19). Curr. Dev. Nutr. 2019, 3 (Suppl 1). https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz035.P12-046-19.
(6) Shu, X.-S.; Gao, Z.-H.; Yang, X.-L. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Activities of Smilax China L. Aqueous Extract. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006, 103 (3), 327–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.004.
(7) Jiang, J.; Xu, Q. Immunomodulatory Activity of the Aqueous Extract from Rhizome of Smilax Glabra in the Later Phase of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2003, 85 (1), 53–59.
(8) Wang, M.; Yang, X.-B.; Zhao, J.-W.; Lu, C.-J.; Zhu, W. Structural Characterization and Macrophage Immunomodulatory Activity of a Novel Polysaccharide from Smilax Glabra Roxb. Carbohydr. Polym. 2017, 156, 390–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.033.
(9) Preparation of “777 oil” used for psoriasis in siddha medicine by modified method. - PubMed - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22557623 (accessed Jun 26, 2019).
(10) Farahnik, B.; Sharma, D.; Alban, J.; Sivamani, R. K. Topical Botanical Agents for the Treatment of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 2017, 18 (4), 451–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-017-0266-0.
(11) Parker, S.; Zhang, C. S.; Yu, J. J.; Lu, C.; Zhang, A. L.; Xue, C. C. Oral Chinese Herbal Medicine versus Placebo for Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Systematic Review. J. Dermatol. Treat. 2017, 28 (1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2016.1178377.
(12) Leelaprakash, G.; Dass, S. M. Invitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Methanol Extract Of Enicostemma Axillare. Int. J. Drug Dev. Res. 2011, 3 (3).
(13) Anoop, M.; Bindu, A. R. In-Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity Studies on Syzygium Zeylanicum (L.) DC Leaves; 2015.
(14) Sathya, M.; Aswini, C.; Shifana Raheema, A.; Merish, S.; Walter, T. M. Invitro Screening of a Poly Herbal Siddha Formula for Its Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2014, RJPBCS, 992–998.
(15) Wang, M.-L.; Hou, Y.-Y.; Chiu, Y.-S.; Chen, Y.-H. Immunomodulatory Activities of Gelidium Amansii Gel Extracts on Murine RAW 264.7 Macrophages. J. Food Drug Anal. 2013, 21 (4), 397–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2013.09.002.
(16) Boukamp, P.; Petrussevska, R. T.; Breitkreutz, D.; Hornung, J.; Markham, A.; Fusenig, N. E. Normal Keratinization in a Spontaneously Immortalized Aneuploid Human Keratinocyte Cell Line. J. Cell Biol. 1988, 106 (3), 761–771. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.106.3.761.
(17) Gonzalez, R. J.; Tarloff, J. B. Evaluation of Hepatic Subcellular Fractions for Alamar Blue and MTT Reductase Activity. Toxicol. Vitro Int. J. Publ. Assoc. BIBRA 2001, 15 (3), 257–259.
(18) Lowes, M. A.; Suárez-Fariñas, M.; Krueger, J. G. Immunology of Psoriasis. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2014, 32, 227–255. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120225.
(19) Ayala-Fontánez, N.; Soler, D. C.; McCormick, T. S. Current Knowledge on Psoriasis and Autoimmune Diseases. Psoriasis Auckl. NZ 2016, 6, 7–32. https://doi.org/10.2147/PTT.S64950.
Copyright and Licensing
For all articles published inJRBMS journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 licenses, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work, while ensuring that the authors receive proper credit.
In exceptional circumstances articles may be licensed differently. If you have specific condition (such as one linked to funding) that does not allow this license, please mention this to the editorial office of the journal at submission. Exceptions will be granted at the discretion of the publisher.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers
It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyright holder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyright holder).
Permission is required for:
- Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
- Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
- Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
- Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for:
- Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
- Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
- Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. IJRPHR cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgment to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.








